Suchergebnisse

The purpose of the article is to expose the role of Russian right-wing radicals in complicating interethnic relations in the Volhynian Governorate and to find out about the involvement of Orthodox clergy and authorities in these processes. The research methodology is based on the principles of author's objectivity, multifactoriality of sources, as well as the use of general scientific (analysis, synthesis, generalization), mathematical (statistical) and special-historical (historical-systemic, comparative, retrospective) methods. The research novelty is that on the basis of previously researched documents the complex of actions, carried out by the Black Hundreds with the purpose of discrediting the representatives of other ethnic groups and confessions, was found out. The Conclusions. The causes of the Black Hundred Movement are identified and its main tasks are analyzed. It is determined that, compared to other political structures that operated in the Russian Empire during the period under study, right-wing radicals enjoyed the support and patronage of not only the higher authorities but also the imperial family. That is why they had considerable financial capacity to expand their advocacy activities in several directions. In fighting for the economic and political domination of the Russians in the Volhynian Governorate, the Black Hundreds used any means, which negatively affected the socio-political processes in the region. These trends intensified during the First World War, when a flurry of baseless accusations fell on the German agrarian colonists, who were overwhelmingly politically passive. Russian right-wing radicals justified the expediency of depriving some ethnic groups, especially Jews, of the right to receive secondary and tertiary education and to have access to public service. To this end, articles of similar content were often published on the pages of the press. It was the Russian right-wing radicals who greatly influenced the intensification of interethnic relations in the early twentieth century both in Volhynia and in the empire.

The purpose of the article is to expose the role of Russian right-wing radicals in complicating interethnic relations in the Volhynian Governorate and to find out about the involvement of Orthodox clergy and authorities in these processes. The research methodology is based on the principles of author's objectivity, multifactoriality of sources, as well as the use of general scientific (analysis, synthesis, generalization), mathematical (statistical) and special-historical (historical-systemic, comparative, retrospective) methods. The research novelty is that on the basis of previously researched documents the complex of actions, carried out by the Black Hundreds with the purpose of discrediting the representatives of other ethnic groups and confessions, was found out. The Conclusions. The causes of the Black Hundred Movement are identified and its main tasks are analyzed. It is determined that, compared to other political structures that operated in the Russian Empire during the period under study, right-wing radicals enjoyed the support and patronage of not only the higher authorities but also the imperial family. That is why they had considerable financial capacity to expand their advocacy activities in several directions. In fighting for the economic and political domination of the Russians in the Volhynian Governorate, the Black Hundreds used any means, which negatively affected the socio-political processes in the region. These trends intensified during the First World War, when a flurry of baseless accusations fell on the German agrarian colonists, who were overwhelmingly politically passive. Russian right-wing radicals justified the expediency of depriving some ethnic groups, especially Jews, of the right to receive secondary and tertiary education and to have access to public service. To this end, articles of similar content were often published on the pages of the press. It was the Russian right-wing radicals who greatly influenced the intensification of interethnic relations in the early twentieth century both in Volhynia and in the empire.

The purpose of the article is to expose the role of Russian right-wing radicals in complicating interethnic relations in the Volhynian Governorate and to find out about the involvement of Orthodox clergy and authorities in these processes. The research methodology is based on the principles of author's objectivity, multifactoriality of sources, as well as the use of general scientific (analysis, synthesis, generalization), mathematical (statistical) and special-historical (historical-systemic, comparative, retrospective) methods. The research novelty is that on the basis of previously researched documents the complex of actions, carried out by the Black Hundreds with the purpose of discrediting the representatives of other ethnic groups and confessions, was found out. The Conclusions. The causes of the Black Hundred Movement are identified and its main tasks are analyzed. It is determined that, compared to other political structures that operated in the Russian Empire during the period under study, right-wing radicals enjoyed the support and patronage of not only the higher authorities but also the imperial family. That is why they had considerable financial capacity to expand their advocacy activities in several directions. In fighting for the economic and political domination of the Russians in the Volhynian Governorate, the Black Hundreds used any means, which negatively affected the socio-political processes in the region. These trends intensified during the First World War, when a flurry of baseless accusations fell on the German agrarian colonists, who were overwhelmingly politically passive. Russian right-wing radicals justified the expediency of depriving some ethnic groups, especially Jews, of the right to receive secondary and tertiary education and to have access to public service. To this end, articles of similar content were often published on the pages of the press. It was the Russian right-wing radicals who greatly influenced the intensification of interethnic relations in the early twentieth century both in Volhynia and in the empire.

The paper analyzes the role of the Black Hundreds in aggravation of interethnic relations in Volyn province (gubernia) at the beginning of the 20th century on the basis of archival sources and the Black Hundreds press. That political structure did not operate independently but in the context of that time policy of Russian authorities. Therefore, anti-Jewish activity was fully supported by administrative authorities. The main centre of propaganda of that political group ideology was the Pochayiv Lavra, and its Archimandrite Vitaliy was the leader of the local Black Hundreds. After becoming a deputy of the Duma, he had not changed the vector of his political views. An important role in the escalation of Volyn tension was played by the Orthodox clergy, which was one of the key leaders of the Black Hundreds movement. In their sermons, priests-members of the organization focused on discrediting Jews, Poles, German and Czech agrarian colonists. The attempt to achieve a complete victory in the elections was caused by the effort to prevent the Polish Catholic landlords from participation in the work of the Duma. Such activities of the Black Hundreds in Volyn contributed to the intensification of inter-confessional and interethnic relations and was conducted with the support of the bodies of imperial power. ; У статті на основі архівних джерел і чорносотенної преси з'ясовано роль Союзу руського народу у суспільно-політичному житті Волині на початку ХХст. Проаналізовано вплив цієї інституції на перебіг і результати виборів до ІІІ та ІVДум у Волинській губернії, її антиєврейську діяльність.

The peculiarities of Volyn Province economic development in the late 19th – early 20th century are described. The mechanism of prices for essential commodities regulation by the authorities and the city government is traced. A comparative analysis of the material security level of different social groups is made, and much attention is paid to the deterioration of the social and economic situation in the region during the First World War. However, despite the significant efforts made by municipal governments, living standards in the region deteriorated. First of all, it concerned the Western counties of Volyn Province on the territory of which during 1915-1916 hostilities were conducted. The rise in food prices in the towns took place due to a number of reasons, namely the lack of labor resources, since most men in the region were drafted into the acting army, the short-sighted policy of the Russian imperial government, which forcibly evacuating the population from Galicia, placed most of the refugees in the frontline counties. As a result of the retreat of the Russian army in the summer of 1915, the number of displaced persons in the region increased sharply, and that led to a rapid rise in prices and finally, to the impoverishment of a large part of the population. Those tendencies intensified, especially at the end of 1916 – the beginning of 1917. ; В статье раскрыты особенности развития экономики Волынской губернии в конце XIX – начале ХХ вв. Прослеживается механизм регулирования цен на товары первой необходимости органами власти и городского самоуправления. Проведен сравнительный анализ уровня материального обеспечения различных социальных групп населения, обращается внимание на осложнения социально-экономической ситуации в регионе во время Первой мировой войны. ; У статті розкрито особливості розвитку економіки Волинської губернії наприкінці ХІХ – на початку ХХст. Простежується механізм регулювання цін на товари першої необхідності органами влади та міського самоврядування. Проведено порівняльний аналіз рівня матеріального забезпечення різних соціальних груп населення, звертається увага на ускладнення соціально-економічної ситуації в регіоні під час Першої світової війни.